[Avg. reading time: 3 minutes]
Puzzle
1. For each of the following IoT components, identify whether it belongs to the upper stack or the lower stack and explain why.
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1.1. A mobile app that allows users to control their home lighting system.
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1.2. A sensor that measures soil moisture levels in a farm.
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1.3. A gateway that translates Zigbee protocol data to Wi-Fi for transmission to the cloud.
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1.4. A cloud-based analytics platform that processes data from smart meters.
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1.5. Firmware running on a smart thermostat that controls HVAC systems.
2. Determine whether the following statements are true or false.
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2.1 Edge computing is part of the upper stack in IoT systems.
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2.2 User authentication and data encryption are important aspects of the lower stack.
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2.3 A smart refrigerator that sends notifications to your phone about expired food items involves both upper and lower stack components.
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2.4 Zigbee and Bluetooth are commonly used for high-bandwidth IoT applications.
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2.5 Predictive maintenance in industrial IoT primarily utilizes data from the upper stack.